L. Brusch

Introduction This model of cell polarity shows the coupling of three model formalisms: A cellular Potts model with DirectedMotion that responds to cell polarity (but not directly to the external signal gradient), a co-moving PDE model on the membrane of the cell (to let cell polarity emerge from distributed receptor-signal interactions) and an external signal gradient (implemented as a global field with random fluctuations).

Introduction The mass-conserving secretion and uptake of (signaling) molecules by cells can in Morpheus be achieved with Mappers and scaling fluxes by cell.volume. The intracellular amount of signal may trigger a change in a state variable that could downstream change cell behaviors.

This model also requires the separate file Population_M.csv with the list of lattice nodes where cells shall be initialized. Introduction Initializing the spatial configuration of cells is a key step of every simulation and Morpheus offers all the flexibility for this:

This multiscale mechanistic liver lobule model is composed of various interacting cell types, such as hepatocytes, residential Kupffer cells and macrophages. It captures hepatocellular acetaminophen (APAP) metabolism, DNA damage response activation, necrotic cell death, macrophage recruitment and the regulation of hepatocellular senescence and proliferation, with qualitatively different outcomes as a function of the initial APAP concentration in blood plasma.

Introduction Comparison of spatio-temporal model output to experimental measurements or between model variants all require the application of summary statistics. For multicellular models, statistical properties of the cell configuration at given times or across time are of interest and Morpheus provides some Analysis/Trackers for that: CellTracker, DisplacementTracker, ClusteringTracker and ContactLogger.

Introduction Larvae of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans aggregate into clusters of several hundred moving individuals when starved during their first larval stage (see video below). Avery et al. proposed that starved larvae produce and respond chemotactically to two diffusible chemical signals, a short-range attractant and a longer range repellent.

Introduction Collective motion of human breast cancer cells of the cell line MDA-MB-231 was studied by Lee et al. for individual crawling cells, cell doublets, cell quadruplets and for confluent populations on a two-dimensional substrate.

Introduction Brook et al. studied the effect of distinct immune phenotypes on cellular-scale viral propagation in three mammalian kidney cell lines with different interferon pathways (IFN). Differences in the IFN response upon pathogen invasion allowed to experimentally observe, model and numerically simulate viral dynamics in cells with

Introduction In Jagiella et al. 2017 a quantitative single cell-based mathematical model for multi-cellular tumor spheroids was parametrized by Bayesian inference for different scenarios of nutrition and oxygen supply. The simulations generate of the order of a million individual cells.

Introduction The formation and maintenance of three germ layers in colonies of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is sensitive to the geometry of the colony. In vitro experiments with micropatterns controlling colony shape have previously addressed the underlying spatio-temporal patterning in Warmflash et al.